Culture | From witchcraft to woke

How humans invented good and evil, and may reinvent both

Over thousands of years humans domesticated themselves

This illustration shows a dove perched on a branch in a dense jungle with green leaves. A black snake with red eyes and a forked tongue is coiled around the same branch, appearing to face the bird. The scene is set against a deep green background of leaves
Illustration: Patrick Leger

Trial by boiling water was not as bad as it sounded. In medieval Europe, those accused of grave crimes might be ordered to plunge an arm into a bubbling cauldron to retrieve an object. If they were scalded, that was God’s way of revealing their guilt. The chance of acquittal would seem to be zero, but 60% of those who underwent this ordeal got off. How come?

This article appeared in the Culture section of the print edition under the headline “How humans invented good and evil”

From the October 12th 2024 edition

Discover stories from this section and more in the list of contents

Explore the edition

Discover more

Pamela Churchill talks to a man at the Corviglia Club in St. Moritz, Switzerland

In the second world war, some diplomacy was done between the sheets

Pamela Churchill Harriman, daughter-in-law of the prime minister, ran an effective charm offensive

Why the world is so animated about anime

Japan’s cartoons have conquered its screens, and more


How a second nuclear disaster was avoided at Chernobyl in 2022

The Russian occupation underscored the risks posed by nuclear sites in wartime


Han Kang wins the Nobel prize in literature for 2024

The South Korean author offers another example of the country’s cultural clout

How complicated is brain surgery actually?

A doctor reveals the myths and realities of his profession

Why you should read Mohamed Mbougar Sarr

The Senegalese novelist is one of the boldest writers working today