Science & technology | Forget about Mars

Could life exist on one of Jupiter’s moons?

A spacecraft heading to Europa is designed to find out

Surface of Jupiter's icy moon Europa.
Photograph: NASA/JPL-Caltech/SETI Institute

Besides Earth itself, Mars is the most-studied planet in the solar system. The 47 missions that have been launched since the start of the space age have put probes in orbit and landers on the surface from half a dozen space agencies. One reason, of course, is that Mars is relatively close. Another is that Mars appears to have had plenty of liquid water on its surface in the past. And where there is water, astrobiologists get excited about the possibility of life.

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Elon Musk’s SpaceX has achieved something extraordinary

If SpaceX can land and reuse the most powerful rocket ever made what can’t it do?

Ships wake in the ocean with swell & stormy skies.

Noise-dampening tech could make ships less disruptive to marine life

Solutions include bendy propellers and “acoustic black holes”


Low angle view of grey heron feet.

Meet Japan’s hitchhiking fish

Medaka catch rides on obliging birds, confirming one of Darwin’s hunches


AI wins big at the Nobels

Awards went to the discoverers of micro-RNA, pioneers of artificial-intelligence models and those using them for protein-structure prediction

Google’s DeepMind researchers among recipients of Nobel prize for chemistry

The award honours protein design and the use of AI for protein-structure prediction

AI researchers receive the Nobel prize for physics

The award, to Geoffrey Hinton and John Hopfield, stretches the definition of the field