United States | Campaign calculus: expecting the unexpected

Could an “October surprise” upset America’s election?

What last-minute developments might portend for the race

US Vice President Kamala Harris looks shocked.
Photograph: Getty Images

IN OCTOBER OF a presidential-election year, observers of American politics give the expression “expect the unexpected” new meaning. With a month to go, and early voting under way, nerves begin to fray. Poll-watchers and pundits brace for the story that will upend the contest. Excitement about an “October surprise” mounts. And yet the phenomenon is usually a damp squib.

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